A geometric rule that describes the orientation of the plane of focus of an optical system (such as a camera) when the lens plane is not parallel to the image plane.

A principle in international law where international boundaries are extended over sea areas in the Arctic towards the North Pole following meridians (lines of longitude). The same principle is used over land in the Antarctic to the South Pole.

(law) The principle, in international law, that sovereign states may act in any way they wish as long as they do not contravene an explicit prohibition.

A rule for assigning epistemic probabilities, according to which, in the absence of any relevant evidence, agents should distribute their credence (or 'degrees of belief') equally among all the possible outcomes.

A hypothesis attempting to explain how evolution may lead to "honest" or reliable signalling between animals which have an obvious motivation to bluff or deceive each other. It suggests that costly signals must be reliable, costing the signaller something that could not be afforded by an individual with less of a particular trait.

The idea that decisions about how to spend research funds should be made by researchers rather than politicians.

(law) legal principle under which the state should only limit an individual's actions to the extent that they would cause harm to another

The concept that offenders should be punished according to how blameworthy they are.

(epistemology) Synonym of Occam's razor

plural of Bridlington principle