English Dictionary

doctrine of necessity

名詞

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) Necessarianism, especially as espoused by Joseph Priestley.

日本語の意味

必然論 ― 自然界や存在するものが必然的な法則に従うとする哲学・形而上学・神学的立場 / 必然の教義 ― 特にジョセフ・プリーストリーによって提唱された、すべての現象が必然性に基づくという見解

In his lectures, Joseph Priestley argued forcefully for the doctrine of necessity, claiming it provided the only coherent explanation of human action.

講義でジョセフ・プリーストリーは必然論を力強く擁護し、それが人間の行為の唯一の首尾一貫した説明を提供すると主張した。

意味（1）

(philosophy, metaphysics, theology) Necessarianism, especially as espoused by Joseph Priestley.

In examining the doctrine of necessity, I shall endeavour to bring what I have to say about the subject into as narrow a compass as possible, and for that purpose the following axioms are premised; as in all sciences, some principles must be taken for granted, else nothing can be proved.

意味（2）

(law) A principle whereby a normally criminal act is justified by the necessity of preserving something of greater utilitarian value than that lost or sacrificed; not to be confused with self-defence.

The doctrine of necessity might lead a court to approve a doctor′s decision to perform an illegal, third-trimester abortion in order to save the mother′s life.

意味（3）

(politics, law) The principle that, in a situation of emergency or exigent circumstance, a state may legitimately act in ways that would normally be illegal.

So Their Lordships, conceding that the Governor General′s actions were unconstitutional, reasoned that those actions might nonetheless be validated on the doctrine of necessity.

意味（4）

(politics, law) The principle that the laws, of governance in action, should be deemed valid insofar as they do not contradict the constitution. Validated on the basis that maintenance of government is of greater utilitarian value than maintenance of the law.

According to the doctrine of necessity, civilization cannot exist without the rule of law. Therefore, the courts cannot tolerate a legal vacuum. The doctrine of necessity holds that the laws of an illegal government must be deemed to be effective to the extent that they do not violate the constitution.

意味（5）

(politics, international law) The principle that a state in immediate peril to its existence, from a situation not of its own doing, may in extremis be justified in violating a right of another state.

The enumeration of situations where the doctrine of necessity has been invoked forms either a catalogue of serious breaches of international law or of cases susceptible of being explained without an appeal to the doctrine of necessity.