(logic) A set of axioms of first-order logic for the natural numbers specifying the operations of zero, successor, addition and multiplication, including a first-order schema of induction.

(logic) A set of axioms of first-order logic for the natural numbers specifying the operations of zero, successor, and addition, including a first-order schema of induction, without multiplication.

(logic) arithmetical hierarchy

(arithmetic, computing) Any one of the four basic operations in arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication or division; any one of said operations as implemented on a computer.

(mathematical analysis) Any function that is defined for all positive integers, and has values that are either real or complex.

(mathematical analysis) A sequence in which each term except the first is obtained from the previous by adding a constant value, known as the common difference of the arithmetic progression.

(statistics, probability) The measure of central tendency of a set of values computed by dividing the sum of the values by their number; commonly called the mean or the average.

(mathematical analysis) The sum of the terms in an arithmetic progression.

(arithmetic) A device and technique described in Napier's treatise Rabdologiæ for performing multiplication, division and extraction of square roots by using counters to represent numbers in binary.

(arithmetic) Arithmetic using decimal numbers.