(statistics) A hypothesis set up to be nullified or refuted in order to support an alternative hypothesis. When used, the null hypothesis is presumed true until statistical evidence in the form of a hypothesis test indicates otherwise. Therefore, the null and the alternative hypothesis must be mutually exclusive and exhaustive.

(statistics) A rival hypothesis to the null hypothesis. Their likelihoods are compared by a statistical hypothesis test.

(linguistics) The hypothesis that, for adult second language learners, acquiring grammatical properties and interfacing between them (for example, between syntax and semantics) should not be problematic, but that interfacing between these and an external component, such as pragmatics or discourse information, will prove to be very difficult.

The hypothesis that God exists, seen as something able to be analyzed by a scientific approach rather than accepted by faith.

(creationism) The proposition that God created the universe within the past few thousands of years but also introduced false evidence that the universe is of great age.

The hypothesis that reality is in fact a simulation (such as a computer program) of which we, the simulants, are unaware.

(Christianity) The hypothesis that Jesus did not die on the cross, but merely lost consciousness, and thus his resurrection in the tomb was not miraculous.

a hypothesis that is unverified yet tentatively chosen as a best guess to build upon or put effort into its verification

The idea that both the biosphere and the inorganic components of Earth interact to form a coherent, complex system that allows for life to persist.

(biology, psychology) The hypothesis that women's taste in men, and subconscious thoughts and behaviors, change throughout the menstrual cycle.