When deciding policy, she relied on moral arithmetic to weigh the benefits and harms of each option.

Researchers compared several arithmetic functions to determine which best modeled the data.

The mathematician sketched an arithmetic spiral on the chalkboard to illustrate linear radial growth.

When comparing multiple data sets, the arithmetic means often reveal trends that medians do not capture.

To determine the descriptive power of different fragments, researchers examine the arithmetical hierarchy, which classifies the complexity of first-order formulas and the sets they define by counting alternations between blocks of unbounded existential and universal quantifiers.

Peano arithmetic provides a rigorous foundation for reasoning about natural numbers through axioms that define zero, the successor function, addition, multiplication, and a first-order schema of induction.

Presburger arithmetic provides a decidable theory for reasoning about the natural numbers under addition, but without multiplication.

Researchers often analyze the arithmetic hierarchy to understand the complexity of definable sets.

In computer science class, we analyze how each arithmetic operation affects algorithm complexity.

The Möbius function is a classic example of an arithmetic function with values in {-1, 0, 1}.