In electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, arenium ions serve as key intermediates that stabilize the positive charge on the aromatic ring.

Oxylium ions are implicated in the rearrangement mechanism observed during the acid-catalyzed reaction.

The probe's ion engine allowed it to gradually change its orbit with remarkable fuel efficiency.

The neurologist explained that the patient's seizures were caused by an ion channelopathy affecting sodium conductance.

During the titration, the concentration of the hydrogen ion decreased sharply after adding the base.

The researchers synthesized a novel ion carrier that selectively transports potassium across lipid bilayers.

The mutation in the ion channel altered neuronal signaling and caused seizures.

The chemist isolated a complex ion composed of several atoms to study its reactivity.

The water treatment plant uses ion exchange to remove hardness and heavy metals from the municipal supply.

Under strongly acidic conditions, the amidium ion — any cation formed by protonation of an amide's nitrogen or oxygen — becomes the reactive intermediate that facilitates amide hydrolysis.