(chiefly formal, in law, logic, etc.) Used in numerous Latin phrases (and occasionally alone) in the sense of “appeal” or “argument”.

The use of physical force to win an argument.

(logic) A type of fallacious argument in which the attempt is made to refute a theory or belief by discrediting the person(s) who advocate that theory or belief; an ad hominem argument.

(rhetoric) A faulty argument that simply attacks the woman making a point.

(rhetoric) An appeal or argument intended to convince the listener(s) by agitating the emotions, rather than by appealing to sober judgment.

(rhetoric) A fallacious argument that asserts the truth of a proposition by an appeal to pious testimony or religious revelation.

A fallacious argument asserting that a proposition is true because it has not yet been proven false, or vice versa.

An argument appealing to the common sense of humankind.

An argument appealing to the prejudices of the person addressed.

The informal fallacy of dismissing an argument as untrue or absurd without explaining why.