a number that represents a piece of information

plural of statistical inference

(statistics) Drawing conclusions about a population from a random sample drawn from it, or, more generally, about a random process from its observed behavior during a finite period of time.

(computational linguistics) The study of estimation of the meanings of words by looking at patterns of words in huge collections of texts, using statistical methods.

Informally, the property of a numeric sequence of containing no recognizable patterns or regularities; exemplified in the results of an ideal die roll, or the digits of π (as far as we can tell).

plural of statistical power

(statistics) The probability that a statistical test will reject a false null hypothesis, that is, that it will not make a type II error, producing a false negative.

Thermodynamics that studies a thermodynamic system as an ensemble of moving molecules, considering the macroscopic temperature as an average kinetic energy of the microscopic molecules.

(probability) Having a p-value of 0.05 or less (having a probability 5% or less of occurring by random chance; less than 1 chance in 20 of it occurring by chance) / Pertaining to statistical significance

The process of examining data to draw conclusions or insights, and determine cause-and-effect patterns between events; for example determining the safety and efficacy of new drugs by drawing out a probability as to whether the fact that a patient got better (or worse) was due to the drug or some other (perhaps random) factor.