In international relations, any of the various government-sponsored efforts aimed at communicating directly with foreign publics to establish a dialogue designed to inform and influence with the aim that this foreign public supports or tolerates a government's strategic objectives, including the use of propaganda.

An alternative approach to international relations characterised by dialoguing and building relationships (with the aim of solving or advocating a solution to a political-diplomatic issue) not merely outside of traditional diplomatic channels (e.g., diplomatic missions), but entirely without government direction or sponsorship (cf. public diplomacy).

The use of COVID-19 vaccines to gain diplomatic advantage in international affairs.

(diplomacy) Diplomatic relations, by detention of foreigners to affect other goals, such as using arrests to influence the implementation of amenable foreign political decisions, or prisoner swaps.

(diplomacy) Diplomatic relations, by controlling trade to affect other goals, such as using trade barriers to influence the implementation of amenable foreign political decisions.

plural of shuttlecock diplomacy

plural of shuttle diplomacy

plural of gunboat diplomacy

(historical) The exchange of ping pong players between the United States and the People's Republic of China in the early 1970s, marking a thaw in relations between the two countries.