(mathematics) An integral transform closely related to the Fourier transform, but which transforms real-valued functions to real-valued functions.

(mathematics) A transform that converts a discrete time-domain signal into a complex frequency-domain representation.

(mathematics) an integral transform of positive real function f(t) to a complex function F(s); given by:

(mathematical analysis, harmonic analysis, physics, electrical engineering) A particular integral transform that when applied to a function of time (such as a signal), converts the function to one that plots the original function's frequency composition; the resultant function of such a conversion.

(geology) A geological fault separating two tectonic plates which are sliding horizontally in directions parallel with the fault line.

(signal processing) A generalized Fourier transform that performs an orthogonal, symmetric, involutive, linear operation on 2ᵐ real numbers (or complex numbers, although the Hadamard matrices themselves are purely real).

A pseudorandom number sampling method for generating pairs of independent, standard, normally distributed (zero expectation, unit variance) random numbers, given a source of uniformly distributed random numbers.

(mathematics) The process of converting a discrete time-based function into its frequency-based representation.

A member of a certain family of algorithms for efficiently computing the discrete Fourier transform of data. / An instance of performing one of these algorithms.

(mathematics) A mathematical operation that transforms a function for a discrete or continuous spectrum into a function for the amplitude with the given spectrum; an inverse transform of the Fourier transform.