(mathematics) A theory for atomic decomposition of a range of Banach spaces of distributions, including among others the wavelet transform and the short-time Fourier transform.

(physics) A theory developed in the early 20th century, according to which nuclear and radiation phenomena can be explained by assuming that energy only occurs in discrete amounts called quanta.

(biology) A theory of evolution, especially the scientific theory of evolution through natural selection. / (by extension) Any model of disequilibrium or accumulating change.

(mathematics) The study of differentiable functions, where the domain of each is a manifold and the codomain is the real line.

An interdisciplinary field of science which studies the nature of complex systems in nature, society and science, and studies complex parts of reality as systems.

An interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics, dealing with the control of the behavior of dynamical systems.

(mathematics) A branch of applied mathematics and engineering involving the quantification of information sent over a communication channel, disregarding the meaning of the sent messages, exemplified by the noisy-channel coding theorem.

A mathematical formalism for describing knowledge of the world in terms of patterns that can be studied using statistical methods.

(political science) The theory that the far left and the far right, rather than being at opposite ends of a political continuum, in fact closely resemble one another.

(linguistics) A linguistic model proposing that the observed forms of language arise from the interaction between conflicting constraints.