An optical illusion in which a white area takes on a pale tint of a thin, bright, intensely colored polygon surrounding it if the coloured polygon is itself surrounded by a thin, darker border.

An optical illusion where an edge between regions of the same shade causes them to be perceived as different shades.

(economics) The cognitive bias that leads people to think of money in nominal rather than real terms, mistaking its face value for its purchasing power at some point in time.

(aviation) An illusory perception of one's pitch angle, due to the effects of linear acceleration on the vestibular system of the inner ear.

A cognitive bias by which people wrongly think that they have direct insight into the origins of their mental states, while treating other people's introspections as unreliable.

An optical illusion in which an arrangement of horizontal and vertical bars of various lengths may be viewed as either a series of rectangles or a series of circles.

(linguistics) A kind of comparative sentence that superficially seems acceptable but actually has no clear meaning. Example: "More people have been to Russia than I have."

An optical illusion involving the misperception of the position of one segment of a transverse line that has been interrupted by the contour of an intervening structure.

An optical illusion consisting of a stylized arrow whose midpoint appears to be closer to the tail end.

(psychology) The psychological illusion by which people tend to believe that their personalities and preferences have reached a more or less stable state, despite recognising that these things have undergone significant change in the past.