(analytical chemistry) The use of an X-ray spectrometer for chemical analysis.

(chemistry, physics) A quantitative analytical technique in which the content of various elements are measured via their absorption of light

(physics, chemistry) A form of analytical spectroscopy that measures the radiation emitted at specific wavelengths by the atoms in a very hot sample

A non-destructive form of spectroscopy that analyses solid surface layers chemically by bombarding with electrons and measuring the energy levels of ejected electrons.