(physics, chemistry) Harmful changes in the properties of materials caused by interactions with ionizing radiation.

(physics, biology) The study of the effect of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on biological systems.

(physics, chemistry) The protection of semiconductor devices from the effects of ionizing radiation.

physical barriers designed to provide protection from the effects of ionizing radiation, including radioactive material / the technology of providing such protection

(physics, chemistry) The study of the chemical changes that result from the absorption of ionizing radiation.

(physics) The pressure exerted by electromagnetic radiation on an object on which it impinges, as a consequence of its momentum.

(medicine) The use of ionizing radiation to treat disease, especially cancer.

The radiation presumed to be given off by a black hole by quantum mechanical processes.

a device that measures the intensity of radiation from, and thus the temperature of, a hot body

(biology) The diversification of species into separate forms that each adapt to occupy a specific environmental niche.