During takeoff and landing, pilots must account for ground effect to avoid unexpected lift near the runway.

The new medication showed an unexpected adverse effect during the clinical trial.

The Fano effect, in which alkali atoms absorb circularly polarized light and induce polarization of electron spins, was crucial to the measurement.

After hours of frustrating trial and error, the sudden eureka effect gave the researcher the clarity she needed to solve the problem.

Scientists warn that the greenhouse effect, which occurs when a planet is heated by solar radiation retained by its atmosphere, is accelerating climate change.

Conservationists warned that the Allee effect could drive the isolated butterfly population toward extinction if numbers fell too low.

The meteorologist used detailed simulations to show how a tiny perturbation could, through the butterfly effect, lead to vastly different climate outcomes.

The sudden closure of the factory had a knock-on effect on local businesses, reducing foot traffic and forcing several shops to close.

The cost-effectiveness of the new solar panels convinced the board to approve the project.

Upgrading the insulation was a cost-effective way to reduce energy bills and improve comfort.