The antique gada displayed in the museum had iron studs hammered into its head, hinting at its violent history.

Gadafi's rule continues to be examined in university seminars on North African politics.

Historians debated whether Gadaffi's policies were shaped more by ideology or by opportunism.

Scholars debated whether Gadaffism constituted a coherent ideology or was simply a collection of personal policies.

Researchers discovered references to Gadaafi in old letters, noting it as a rare spelling of the more familiar name.

Historians still debate Gadafy's role in the regional conflicts of the 1970s.

Historians debated whether documents referring to Gadaffy actually meant the Libyan leader, given the many spellings of his name.

Scholars debated whether Gadafism represented a coherent political doctrine or a loose cult of personality.