The secondary phosphine acted as a ligand in the catalytic cycle, coordinating to the metal center through its lone pair.

The phosphine oxide produced as a byproduct was purified and analyzed by NMR spectroscopy.

The research team isolated phosphinous acid as an intermediate in the catalytic cycle.

The catalytic cycle stalled when the tertiary phosphine ligand dissociated from the metal center.

Phosphinic acid often serves as a ligand in transition-metal complexes, where its P–H bond reactivity enables unique catalytic pathways.

The phosphine sulfide formed during the synthesis was characterized by 31P NMR spectroscopy.

Phosphine sulfides are often studied for their applications in asymmetric catalysis and materials science.

During the synthesis, trace impurities converted some phosphine oxides into their corresponding sulfides, complicating purification.

Tertiary phosphines are commonly used as ligands in homogeneous catalysis.

Secondary phosphines are commonly used as ligands in transition-metal catalysis to fine-tune both steric and electronic properties.