Scholars debated whether the palingeneses described in ancient texts referred to literal rebirths or metaphorical renewals.

Her palingenesic paintings suggested not destruction but the possibility of rebirth.

The philosopher proposed a palingenetic theory of history that linked societal collapse to inevitable cultural rebirth.

The philologist explained that palingenesia, an archaic noun, was historically used to mean spiritual rebirth.

The historian argued that palingenesy in 18th-century texts referred more to spiritual rebirth than to literal biological regeneration.