Scientists measured the rugosity of the reef to estimate how habitat complexity affects fish populations.

The rugosities on the rock helped lichens and mosses anchor and retain moisture during the dry season.

The old bark of the tree was rugosely furrowed, casting deep shadows along the trunk.

The rugoseness of the fossilized leaf provided clues about the plant's adaptation to a dry environment.

The old leather-bound journal had a rugose cover that hinted at decades of handling.

When the tomato plants contracted rugose mosaic, their leaves became deeply wrinkled and the plants were severely stunted compared with ordinary mosaic infections.