The city council is cosmopolitanizing the historic district by encouraging multicultural shops and international festivals.

The city's rapid influx of international students cosmopolitanizes the downtown area, introducing new cuisines and perspectives.

Some critics unfairly labeled the artists as rootless cosmopolitans, dismissing their global influences.

During the late 1940s Soviet campaign, officials vilified many intellectuals as 'rootless cosmopolitan', a derogatory euphemism targeting Jews.