The new coating hydrophilizes the polymer surface, improving its adhesion to water-based inks.

The lab technician observed the membrane hydrophilizing under the microscope, which improved its permeability.

The team hydrophilized the polymer coating before testing its performance in aqueous solutions.

During the experiment, the hydrophil aggregated near the water interface, demonstrating its affinity for polar solvents.

To optimize membrane performance, the team compared the hydrophilicities of samples prepared with different surface treatments.