Over decades, the once-remote port town cosmopolitanized rapidly after the railway arrived.

City planners hope to cosmopolitanize the riverfront by adding international restaurants, multicultural art, and multilingual signage.

During the late 1940s Soviet campaign, officials vilified many intellectuals as 'rootless cosmopolitan', a derogatory euphemism targeting Jews.

Some critics unfairly labeled the artists as rootless cosmopolitans, dismissing their global influences.