Astronomers measured a faint excess in the cosmic infrared background that hints at early star formation.

To send a probe into interstellar space, engineers calculated the second cosmic velocity for the mission's home body.

To send a probe beyond the influence of our Sun, engineers must achieve the third cosmic velocity.

Engineers calculated that the satellite needed to achieve the second cosmic velocity to escape Earth's gravity and travel between planets.

When planning an interstellar mission, scientists must account for the third cosmic velocity to ensure the spacecraft reaches interstellar space.

The engineer explained that the first cosmic velocity determines the minimum speed a satellite needs to maintain a circular orbit around Earth.

To place the satellite into a stable orbit, scientists calculated the first cosmic velocity needed at that altitude.

Astronomers debated whether objects beyond the cosmic event horizon could ever influence observations within our galaxy.

Engineers calculated the first cosmic velocities for several satellites to ensure safe orbital insertion.

The second cosmic velocities required to escape different planetary atmospheres vary significantly.