All the ships of the sea, with their mariners, were in thee to occupy the merchandise.

This is causing a reenvisagement of the whole problem and the rearrangement of our whole experimental program.

The leading poets of Parnassianism, like Machado, were utterly respectable and middle classs, good family men; many were bureaucrats, and they were proud that they had freed poets from the obligation to wear their hair long (Bilac, in Broca, 1960:7). Symbolism was enormously influential in almost every other Western culture; it never had a chance in Brazil, in a literary world dominated by Parnassianism and its disciples.

Castration of bulls was a socialization process that turned a bull into an ox; in this transformation something wild became something very useful; nature became culture.