The special group of Red Guards with strong group consciousness and collective grievances were offspring of regional cadres who were the subject of discrimination and suppression imposed by national leaders and their policy of breaking regionalism. Grievances of this kind have been strong in Kwangtung province. In Haifeng county, for example, the first group of Red Guards was composed of the children of cadres punished by the national leaders in past "anti-provincialism" campaigns. The children wanted revenge and their opponents were the children of northern or outside cadres.