For the phylobetadiversity analysis, the phylogenetic community dissimilarity (PCD) metrics were calculated, which derivate from two components: compositional (PCDc), which is analog to Sorensen’s but correcting the effect that causes the community’s size, and phylogenetic (PCDp), which measures the phylogenetic relation of species that are not shared between communities.

apollo's belt in a discussion about the key characteristics of models

Dr. Beeching's obvious intent is that if Scottish—and similarly unprofitable English and Welsh—railways are to be maintained, it must be done by an unconcealed subsidy; he is determined that the railways shall no longer be preoccupied with—and derided for—immense deficits which include the burden of social services the State must openly underwrite, if it wants them.

a ready writer or workman