To verify the algorithm's safety, the team evaluated several under-approximations and identified the strongest valid lower bound.

In the high-frequency limit, the Wien approximation provides a useful description of the thermal radiation spectrum.

When faced with NP-hard scheduling problems, researchers often use an approximation algorithm to produce good schedules quickly.

When evaluating integrals with rapidly oscillating integrands, physicists often invoke the stationary phase approximation to estimate the leading contributions.