Attempts to make first culture-free and then culture-fair tests have largely been efforts to deverbalize intelligence.

The Liquor Trades Union member concedes that both dogs are quite clever, but says his is even cleverer. His dog, named Measure, is told to go and fetch a stubby of beer and pour seven ounces into a ten-ounce glass. It does this perfectly.

He ſent for Ariſtotle (the greateſt Philoſopher in his time, & beſt learned) to teach his ſonne, vnto vvhom he gaue honorable ſtipend.

If brabbling Make-fray, at each fair and size, / Picks quarrels for to show his valiantize,