In order to recover xarifiids from fragments or whole colonies of Scleractinia the corals were treated in the following manner.

Ground particles are fed up the upstack where they circulate to the downstacks and either pass through outlets on the inner radial surfaces (if they are small enough) or are swept again to the bottom of the upstack by low-pressure inlets […]

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The works of the freethinker Averroes (twelfth century) which were based on Aristotle's philosophy, propagated a small wave of rationalism in Christian countries.