Many are impressed by the fact that climate models can retrodict climatic change—that is, use past climatic data (say, from the 1860s) to predict climatic data from the less-distant past (say, from the 1920s). They should not be.

Sure, ammonoid shells as a whole got progressively more coiled over the Devonian. But so did the tiniest part of each ammonoid shell, the ammonitella.

GAGE, a small quantity of anything; as “a gage of tobacco,” meaning a. pipeful; “a gage of gin,” a glassful.

Nor did they consult with outside persons in religious studies, sociology of religion, or psychology of religion.