A norm is called spectral if the group of quasiregular elements is open in the associated norm topology, equivalently if it satisfies Gelfand's spectral radius formula: […] .

One nation that was invited to join with more enthusiasm than the invitations to the Club Med was the United Kingdom.

Violence is apparently introduced early by the practice of cruelling: children even in their first months are physically punished and then encouraged to seek retribution by punishing the punisher.

Russian courts and commentators distinguish between “mandatory” rules (that parties can opt out of by choice of law) and “supermandatory” rules not subject to opt out. Rules governing strategic investments are supermandatory.