In English there is no grammatical device to differentiate predicational judgments from nonpredicational descriptions. This distinction does cast a shadow on the grammatical sphere to some extent, but recognition of it must generally be made in semantic terms. It is maintained here that in Japanese, on the other hand, the distinction is grammatically realized through the use of the two particles wa and ga.

Shapotou District is located on the southeast periphery of the Tengger Desert, bordering the Yellow River, with annual precipitation averaging 180 mm.

The dog survived three weeks on rainwater.

a cat with matty fur