The Garda Regulations 1924 required a candidate for appointment as a guard to be able to produce satisfactory references as to his character

We have big people-carrier, and also a little run-around for popping to the shops.

But for decades, many executives actually employed sokaiya as muscle to keep unruly investors in check during their choreographed annual meetings. … Yet executives' reliance on mobsters turned out to be a Faustian bargain. By the 1970s, the sokaiya had figured out how to become stockholders themselves and threaten to ask embarrassing questions at annual meetings.

This method based on the NIR scattering images can be applied in measurement of an average oxygen saturation and photoplethysmogram even in local region of optically heterogeneous muscle and skin.