circumfix(11)

ke- -an

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
colloquial morpheme usually

(口語) 形容詞・副詞・名詞に付き、「~しすぎる」「過度の~」「~すぎる状態」を表す接辞

English Meaning
(usually colloquial) adjective forming for too [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.
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日常会話では、「〜すぎる」や「超える」という意味の形容詞を作る前後接辞が、よりカジュアルに使われることが多い。

In everyday conversation, the circumfix that forms adjectives meaning 'too [base]' or 'exceeding' is often used to express 'too' or 'exceed' in a more casual way.

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ke- -an

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

接頭辞 ke- と接尾辞 -an の組み合わせで、形容詞・名詞・動詞から抽象名詞や状態・性質・出来事を表す名詞を作る周辞。しばしば「~であること/~さ」「~になってしまうこと」「~に苦しむこと」「~を被ること」といった意味を持つ。

English Meaning
to suffer or to get of noun or verb bases.
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一部の語は、苦しみを受けることや何かを受け取ることを意味するサーカムフィックスとして使われ、ある行為の結果として経験する苦痛や状態を示すためにしばしば用いられます。

Some words formed with the circumfix that means "to suffer" or "to receive" are often used to indicate suffering or a condition experienced as a result of an action.

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meng- -kan

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

接頭辞meng-と接尾辞-kanの組み合わせで、形容詞や名詞から「~を…にする」「…化する」「…にしてあげる」といった意味の他動詞を作る周辞(接周辞)。

English Meaning
When attached to certain adjectives, it forms a transitive verb whose meaning is, to make (adjective). The same construction could also be done to certain nouns; -en. / Forms the benefactive form of verbs.
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そのシェフは料理を美味しく、食欲をそそるものに仕上げた。

The chef made the dish delicious and appetizing.

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ber- -an

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

インドネシア語の周辞「ber- -an」

English Meaning
intransitive verbal circumfix from verb with the meanings of; to do something or to have a such condition with various subjects or ways. / intransitive verbal circumfix from verb with the meanings of; to declare reciprocity. / intransitive verbal circumfix from adjective or noun with meaning; to declare relation of both roots. / intransitive verbal circumfix from adjective or noun with meaning; to declare reciprocity.
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いくつかのインドネシア語の語は、語根の前後に付いて状態を表す自動詞を作る複合接辞によって形成されます。たとえば「離れている」という意味です。

Some Indonesian words are formed with an intransitive verbal circumfix that attaches to both sides of a root to express a state; for example, 'to be far apart.'

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per- -kan

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

使役態命令法他動詞の動詞

English Meaning
causative voice imperative mood transitive verb of a transitive verb
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この会議室を整えて、効率的なディスカッションができるようにしてください。

Please have this meeting room arranged so that it can facilitate efficient discussions.

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peng- -an

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

他動詞によって表される動作[基底] / 動作の目的語[基底] / 動作の場所[基底]

English Meaning
the action expressed by the transitive verb [base] / the object of an action [base] / the place of an action [base]
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語学学習において、教師は基本語に付加される両側接辞の使用が、直接行われる動作を表現する方法であると説明しています。

In language learning, the teacher explains that using the circumfix applied to a base word is a method for expressing the direct action performed.

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se- -nya

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

副詞的; できるだけ [基本] / 副詞的; せいぜい [基本]; せいぜい / 副詞的; 好きなだけ

English Meaning
adverbial; as [base] as possible / adverbial; at the most [base]; at the most / adverbial; as one likes
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彼は課題を徹底的に、迅速かつ正確に終えた.

He completed the assignment thoroughly, quickly, and accurately.

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keter- -an

Circumfix
morpheme

能力

English Meaning
-ability
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その研修プログラムは、社員が効率的に業務を遂行する能力を向上させるために設計されています。

The training program is designed to enhance employees' ability to complete tasks efficiently.

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ke- -an

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

状態・性質・程度を表す接辞 / 領域・範囲を表す接辞

English Meaning
-ness; appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of (the adjective)", "the quality of (the adjective)", or "the measure of (the adjective)" / -ship; appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, time spent in a role, or a specialised union. / -dom; Forming nouns denoting the domain or jurisdiction of the suffixed word. / -ity; Used to form a noun from an adjective; especially, to form the noun referring to the state, property, or quality of conforming to the adjective's description. / -tion;
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形態論の授業で、先生は接辞である〜nessが「清潔さ」のような抽象名詞を作るためによく使われると説明しました。

In the morphology lesson, the teacher explained that the affix -ness is often used to form abstract nouns such as "cleanliness".

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ber- -kan

IPA(Pronunciation)
Circumfix
morpheme

他動詞接尾辞 / 自動詞から他動詞を派生させる接辞 / ber- 動詞に -kan を付加して他動詞化する周辞

English Meaning
transitive verbal circumfix for affixed intransitive verbs.
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文法の授業で、先生は非自動詞を他動詞に変える両側接辞の使い方を説明した。

In the grammar lesson, the teacher explained the use of the circumfix that turns intransitive verbs into transitive ones.

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Indonesian - Japanese

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