A particular paradox in mathematical logic; the type-theoretic analogue of Russell's paradox from set theory.

Synonym of unexpected hanging paradox

A form of self-referential logical paradox associated with statements of the form "All Cretans are liars" (spoken by Epimenedes, himself a Cretan, who must therefore be lying).

Synonym of Curry's paradox

(philosophy) The paradox that (i) people have emotional responses to fictitious events, and (ii) one must believe that something truly exists in order to be emotionally moved by it, but (iii) nobody who considers an event to be fictitious can also believe it to be real.

A paradox that occurs in naive set theory or naive logics, and allows the derivation of an arbitrary sentence from a self-referring sentence and some apparently innocuous logical deduction rules.

(game theory) The paradox whereby a combination of losing strategies (such as alternating between two games that each, played individually, would result in an overall loss) may give a winning strategy.

(probability theory) The counterintuitive observation that a random group of people needs to have only 23 members before there is a 50% chance of two of them having the same birthday.

(programming) The situation where a programmer sees less powerful programming languages than those he/she knows as lacking in important features, but more powerful ones as having bizarre or unnecessary features.

(economics) The phenomenon that uncertainty about future prices can theoretically push rational consumers to temporarily trade away their preferred consumption goods (or currency) for non-preferred goods (or currency), as part of a plan to trade back to the preferred consumption goods after prices become clearer.