撥: plectrum for instruments such as the biwa and shamisen / 桴, 枹: drum stick for instruments such as the taiko and gong / 罰: divine punishment

越:

土: earth, soil / 地: land, ground / 槌: hammer

八月, 8月: August

律: (uncommon reading) to follow

理知: intelligence / 理致: reason; logic

The hiragana syllable ち (chi). Its equivalent in katakana is チ (chi). It is the seventeenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行い段 (ta-gyō i-dan, “row ta, section i”).

脱窒: denitrify

一縷: a ray (of hope)

千早, 襅: a cloth or cord used to tie back the sleeves of a robe, primarily used by women to get the sleeves out of the way for work such as shrine ceremonies or kitchen work; a kind of ceremonial overcoat with a long white hem worn by the sweeper or branch-holder in certain Shintō ceremonies; a kind of sleeveless vest or waistcoat used in kabuki or 人形浄瑠璃 (ningyō jōruri, “puppet theater”)