Fermat's principle
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The link between ray optics and wave optics, stating (in its original strong form) that the path taken by a ray between two given points is the path that can be travelled in the least time, or (in a weaker form that is true for all cases) in a time that is stationary
with respect to variations of the path — so that a deviation in the path causes, at most, a second-order change in the traversal time.
Fermat's principle
Fermat's principle explains why light rays bend at an interface: it states that the path actually taken between two points is the one that makes the travel time stationary (and in simple cases, minimal) with respect to small variations of the path.
Fermat's principle explains why light rays bend at an interface: it states that the path actually taken between two points is the one that makes the travel time stationary (and in simple cases, minimal) with respect to small variations of the path.
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