上下
up and down, the upper and the lower
outerwear and underwear
the nobility and the commoners
(in reference to western-style clothing) upper clothing (such as shirts and jackets) and lower clothing (such as trousers and socks)
upside-down
（ canonical ）
（ romanization ）
（ romanization ）
（ hiragana historical ）
（ hiragana ）
Quizzes for review
up and down, the upper and the lower / outerwear and underwear / the nobility and the commoners
上下
In seismic design of buildings, it is necessary to evaluate separately the effects of vertical (up-and-down) motion during earthquakes and the effects of horizontal shaking.
In seismic design of buildings, it is necessary to evaluate separately the effects of vertical (up-and-down) motion during earthquakes and the effects of horizontal shaking.
建物の耐震設計では、地震時の上下の揺れと水平方向の揺れの影響を別々に評価する必要がある。
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