Last Updated
：2025/11/19
without
IPA(Pronunciation)
Preposition
archaic
literary
Japanese Meaning
（古語・文語）～の外に、～を超えて / ～がない、～を含まない、～を欠く / ～をしない、～していない
Quizzes for review
(archaic or literary) Outside of, beyond. / Not having, containing, characteristic of, etc. / Not doing or not having done something.
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without
They set their camp without the ancient city, under a sky full of stars.
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They set their camp without the ancient city, under a sky full of stars.
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