かたい
hard / tight / strong; firm / strict / inflexible
固くて崩れたり変形したりしにくいさま。気持ちや態度がほぐれず、打ち解けないさま。形式ばっていて、柔らかさ・融通性に欠けるさま。
物（もの）や気持（きも）ちが、簡単（かんたん）に形（かたち）を変（か）えたりやわらいだりしない様子（ようす）です。
硬的；结实的 / 紧的；牢固的 / 严格的；死板的
硬的；堅硬的 / 緊的；牢固的 / 嚴格的；固執的
단단하다 / 굳다 / 엄격하다
keras; kuat; kencang / teguh; kokoh; mantap / ketat; kaku; tidak luwes
keras; keras (tidak mudah dibengkokkan/dipecahkan) / ketat; tegang / tegas; keras (dalam pendirian/peraturan)
duro / firme / estricto
dur; solide / ferme; strict; inflexible / serré
duro, rigido (non morbido) / stretto, ben serrato / severo, inflessibile (su regole o atteggiamento)
hart; fest / straff; eng (sitzend) / streng; unnachgiebig
hård; fast / tæt; stram / streng; ufleksibel
twardy, sztywny / ciasny, mocno zaciśnięty / surowy, rygorystyczny; nieugięty
tvrdý, ztuhlý / těsný, pevně utažený / přísný, neoblomný
hard, stevig / streng, strikt / stug, inflexibel
hard; fast (om materiale, mat) / stram; tett; solid (om lukking, grep) / streng; rigid; ufleksibel (om regler, personlighet)
hård, fast / stram, tät / sträng, oflexibel
твёрдый, жёсткий / тугой, плотный / строгий, непреклонный
dur; tare / strâns; bine fixat / ferm; rigid; inflexibil
твердий; жорсткий / тугий; щільно затягнутий / суворий; непохитний, негнучкий
duro / firme / rígido
cứng, rắn / chặt, kín / nghiêm khắc, cứng nhắc
matigas; hindi malambot / mahigpit o masikip / matatag; istrikto o hindi nababago
แข็ง; แข็งแรง / แน่น; ตึง / เคร่งครัด; ยืดหยุ่นยาก
ແຂງ / ແນ່ນ / ເຂັ້ມງວດ
sert, katı / sıkı, gergin / sağlam; tavizsiz, esnek olmayan
கடினமான / உறுதியான / இறுக்கமான / கடுமையான / கடைப்பிடிப்பான
कठोर/सख्त / मज़बूत/दृढ़ / कड़ा/सख्त (नियम, रवैया)
سخت / کَسا ہوا / تنگ / سخت گیر / غیر لچکدار
kemény; szilárd / szoros; feszes / szigorú; hajthatatlan
קשה, נוקשה / הדוק, מתוח / נוקשה בדעותיו; קפדן/מחמיר
কঠিন/দৃঢ় / টানটান/কষা / কড়া/অনমনীয়
कडा / कसिलो / कठोर
දෘඪ/ඝන / තද (ඇලී ඇති) / දැඩි; නම්ය නොවන
မာကျောသော၊ ခိုင်မာသော / တင်းကျပ်သော၊ ကျပ်တည်းသော / တင်းတိမ်သော၊ မပြောင်းလဲလွယ်သော
хатуу, хатуухан / чангa, нягт / чанга дэгтэй, уян хатан бус
qattiq, qotgan / tarang, mahkam / qat’iy, murosasiz
سخت، محکم / سفت، تنگ / سختگیر، انعطافناپذیر
صلب/قاسٍ / مُحكم/مشدود / صارم/غير مرن
រឹង / តឹង / ម៉ឺងម៉ាត់
duro; rígido / apertado; firme / severo; inflexível
硬；結實 / 緊；牢固 / 嚴格；死板
Word Forms
The basic and commonly used forms of this adjective.
Basic forms
| Form | Word form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Imperfective form (mizenkei) |
Alternative:
固かろ
硬かろ
堅かろ
|
Used in forms such as karou; mainly literary. |
| Continuative form (renyokei) |
Alternative:
固く
硬く
堅く
|
Used in forms such as kute and kunai. |
| Conclusive form (shushikei) |
Alternative:
固い
硬い
堅い
|
Ends a sentence. |
| Attributive form (rentaikei) |
Alternative:
固い
硬い
堅い
|
Modifies a noun. |
| Conditional form (kateikei) |
Alternative:
固けれ
硬けれ
堅けれ
|
Expresses a condition with kereba. |
| Imperative form (meireikei) |
Alternative:
固かれ
硬かれ
堅かれ
|
Rarely used in modern Japanese. |
Common forms
| Form | Word form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Te-form |
Alternative:
固くて
硬くて
堅くて
|
Connects clauses with kute. |
| Ta-form |
Alternative:
固かった
硬かった
堅かった
|
Expresses the past with katta. |
| Nai-form |
Alternative:
固くない
硬くない
堅くない
|
Expresses negation with kunai. |
| Ba-form |
Alternative:
固ければ
硬ければ
堅ければ
|
Expresses a condition with kereba. |
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