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Last Updated :2026/07/09

能あたふ

Hiragana
あたう
Kanji
能う
Verb
Classical Japanese archaic

(Classical Japanese, archaic) to be able

This craft, I hear, is something only a master artisan can do.

Word Forms

The basic and commonly used forms of this verb.

Basic forms
Form Word form Usage
Imperfective form (mizenkei)
Alternative: あたは 能わ あたわ
Connects to endings such as nai, reru, and seru.
Continuative form (renyokei)
Alternative: あたひ 能い あたい
Connects to endings such as masu, tai, and ta.
Conclusive form (shushikei)
Alternative: あたふ 能う あたう
Ends a sentence and serves as the dictionary form.
Attributive form (rentaikei)
Alternative: あたふ 能う あたう
Modifies a noun.
Conditional form (kateikei)
Alternative: あたへ 能え あたえ
Combines with ba to express a condition.
Imperative form (meireikei)
Alternative: あたへ 能え あたえ
Expresses a command or instruction.
Common forms
Form Word form Usage
Te-form
Alternative: あたひて 能いて あたいて
Connects clauses with te.
Ta-form
Alternative: あたひたり 能いた あたいだ
Expresses the past with ta.
Nai-form
Alternative: あたはず 能わず あたわず 能わない あたわない
Expresses negation with nai.
Masu-form
Alternative: あたひます 能います あたいます
Used for polite speech.
Ba-form
Alternative: あたへば 能えば あたえば
Expresses a condition with ba.
Volitional form
Alternative: あたひし 能いし あたいし
Expresses intention or invitation.
Notes
  • 文語の「能ふ(あたふ)」はハ行四段活用。現代仮名遣いでは「能う(あたう)」、否定形「能わず」の形で用いられることが多い。
  • derived.ta は文語では完了助動詞「たり」を付けた「能ひたり」を primary とした。現代語風の過去形は variants に示した。

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