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Last Updated:2026/07/27
Sentence

He joined the community cleanup activity voluntarily, without being told by anyone.

Related words

自発的じはつてき

Hiragana
じはつてき
Adjectival noun

voluntary, of one's own initiative, of one's own accord

He joined the community cleanup activity voluntarily, without being told by anyone.

Word Forms

The basic and commonly used forms of this adjectival noun.

Basic forms
Form Word form Usage
Imperfective form (mizenkei)
Alternative: 自発的でしょう
Used in forms such as darou.
Continuative form (renyokei)
Alternative: 自発的に
Used with de or ni.
Conclusive form (shushikei)
Alternative: 自発的です
Ends a sentence with da.
Attributive form (rentaikei)
Alternative: 自発的である
Modifies a noun with na.
Conditional form (kateikei)
Alternative: 自発的であれば
Expresses a condition with nara.
Imperative form (meireikei) Used in formal expressions such as de are.
Common forms
Form Word form Usage
Te-form equivalent Connects clauses using de.
Ta-form
Alternative: 自発的でした
Expresses the past with datta.
Nai-form
Alternative: 自発的じゃない
Expresses negation with dewa nai or ja nai.
Desu-form Used for polite speech.

Japanese - Multilingual

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