Last Updated：2022/12/24
Unlike the proboscides of Lower brachyceran lineages, which are continuous with the head capsule and tend to dangle (Matsuda 1965), the proboscides of most cyclorrhaphan species are suspended by a membranous region and divided into three functional parts: the basiproboscis (rostrum), medioproboscis (haustellum), and distiproboscis (labellum), each of which is defined by internal muscles but also shares muscles with the other regions (Graham-Smith 1930; Lall and Davies 1971).
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Unlike
the
proboscides
of
Lower
brachyceran
lineages,
which
are
continuous
with
the
head
capsule
and
tend
to
dangle
(Matsuda
1965),
the
proboscides
of
most
cyclorrhaphan
species
are
suspended
by
a
membranous
region
and
divided
into
three
functional
parts:
the
basiproboscis
(rostrum),
medioproboscis
(haustellum),
and
distiproboscis
(labellum),
each
of
which
is
defined
by
internal
muscles
but
also
shares
muscles
with
the
other
regions
(Graham-Smith
1930;
Lall
and
Davies
1971).
