The researcher isolated vulpic acid from the lichen and characterized its structure by NMR and mass spectrometry.

The old trapper, known as a vulpicide in the nearby villages, preferred snares and poisoned bait to the traditional foxhunt.

Environmental activists rallied after learning that local farmers had been stockpiling illegal vulpicides to target the wildlife.

The conservation report condemned the recent outbreak of vulpicidism in the region.

The environmentalist wrote an article criticizing the vulpicidal policies that had led to a sharp decline in fox populations.