The team investigated hypercyclic structures to understand how mutual catalysis could drive early biochemical evolution.

Researchers debated whether the operator's hypercyclicity could be preserved under compact perturbations.

In the Poincaré disk model, the hypercycle appears as a curve whose points lie at a constant perpendicular distance from a fixed geodesic.

Researchers modeled how hypercycles could stabilize cooperation among competing molecular species in early protocells.