The historian argued that Muhammedanism was often misunderstood by Western scholars in the nineteenth century.

The archivist cataloged a rare Muhammedan manuscript from the 14th century, noting its distinctive calligraphy.

During his travels, he described a Muhammedan he met at the bazaar, unaware that many now consider the term outdated.

The historian described how Muhammedans contributed to the development of medieval science.