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Last Updated :2026/07/25

おる

Kanji
居る
Hepburn romanization
oru
Pitch accent
Verb
of animate objects after a verb in the て conjunctive form Chūgoku Kyūshū Shikoku after a verb in the conjunctive form

to be; to exist (of animate beings) / to stay; to be present / to be in the state of ...-ing (auxiliary)

My grandfather lives alone in the countryside, but he spends every day in good health.

Meaning Image
おる

Word Forms

The basic and commonly used forms of this verb.

Basic forms
Form Word form Usage
Imperfective form (mizenkei)
Alternative: おろ
Connects to endings such as nai, reru, and seru.
Continuative form (renyokei) Connects to endings such as masu, tai, and ta.
Conclusive form (shushikei)
Alternative: 居る
Ends a sentence and serves as the dictionary form.
Attributive form (rentaikei)
Alternative: 居る
Modifies a noun.
Conditional form (kateikei) Combines with ba to express a condition.
Imperative form (meireikei) Expresses a command or instruction.
Common forms
Form Word form Usage
Te-form Connects clauses with te.
Ta-form Expresses the past with ta.
Nai-form
Alternative: おらぬ おらん
Expresses negation with nai.
Masu-form Used for polite speech.
Ba-form Expresses a condition with ba.
Volitional form Expresses intention or invitation.
Notes
  • 「居る」とも表記する。現代共通語では謙譲的・丁重な響きを伴うことがあり、方言では「いる」の一般形としても用いられる。
  • 補助動詞として「〜ておる」の形で継続・結果状態を表す。

Japanese - Multilingual

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