固い
硬い: keeping its physical shape or appearance under a force: stiff / 固い: keeping its shape or behaviour even under other influences: hard, firm
硬い: 力がかかっても物理的な形状や外観を保つ: 堅い / 固い: 他の影響下でも形状や動作を保つ: 硬い、しっかりした
形(かたち)や動(うご)きが、力(ちから)やほかの影響(えいきょう)を受(う)けても変(か)わりにくいです。
坚硬的 / 坚固、牢靠的 / 死板、拘谨的
堅固的;牢固的 / 僵硬的;不易改變的(態度、做法) / 拘謹的;過於正式的(用語、舉止)
단단하다, 딱딱하다 / 굳다, 견고하다 / (태도·성격 등이) 완고하다, 고지식하다
keras (tidak mudah berubah bentuk) / teguh (sikap/pendirian; tidak mudah goyah) / kaku (terlalu formal)
keras; kaku (tidak mudah berubah bentuk) / tegas; kukuh; tidak mudah dipengaruhi / susah (untuk dilakukan/diatasi)
duro / firme / sólido
dur, rigide (qui résiste à une pression) / ferme, solide (qui ne cède pas aux influences) / strict, inflexible
duro, rigido (che non si deforma facilmente) / fermo, solido (che mantiene la forma o il comportamento) / intransigente, inflessibile
hart, steif (nicht leicht verformbar) / fest, stabil; unerschütterlich (unter Einfluss) / streng, starr (Regeln, Haltung)
(om materiale) hård, stiv / fast, solid; ikke let at bøje eller deformere / (om holdning/regler) fast, urokkelig
twardy, sztywny (o materiale, który nie ulega łatwo odkształceniu) / mocny, solidny; trwały (o konstrukcji, umocowaniu) / niezłomny, stanowczy (o postawie, zasadach)
tvrdý, tuhý (fyzicky, drží tvar) / pevný, odolný (vůči vlivům) / nepoddajný, neústupný (v chování)
hard; niet gemakkelijk te vervormen / stijf; weinig buigzaam / stevig; standvastig (in houding/gedrag)
hard, stiv (ikke lett å bøye eller forme) / fast, solid (holder formen; ikke lett å ødelegge) / stram, formell (i oppførsel/atmosfære)
hård / fast / orubblig
твёрдый, жёсткий / крепкий, прочный / строгий, негибкий
tare, rigid (care nu se deformează ușor) / ferm, stabil; greu de influențat / neînduplecat, încăpățânat
твердий, жорсткий / міцний, непохитний / стійкий, консервативний
duro / rígido / firme
cứng, rắn chắc / vững chắc, khó thay đổi / nghiêm, trang trọng, cứng nhắc
matigas / matatag / mahigpit
แข็ง, กระด้าง / แน่น, มั่นคง / เคร่งครัด, ยึดมั่น
ແຂງ / ແນ່ນ / ໝັ້ນຄົງ
sert, katı (kolay biçim değiştirmeyen) / sağlam, dayanıklı / sıkı, taviz vermeyen (kurallarda vb.)
கடினமான (உறுதியான) / விறைப்பான / உறுதியாக நிலைப்பது
कठोर, सख़्त / दृढ़, मजबूत / अटल, अडिग
سخت، کڑا (جسمانی طور پر) / پکا، مضبوط (جماؤ والا) / اٹل، غیر لچکدار (رویّے/اصول میں)
kemény, merev (fizikailag) / szilárd, erős (stabil, tartós) / hajthatatlan, rugalmatlan (magatartásban)
קשיח, נוקשה / קשה, מוצק / תקיף, איתן (בעמדה/התנהגות)
কঠিন (শক্ত, সহজে বাঁকে না) / দৃঢ়/মজবুত (সহজে নড়ে না) / অনমনীয়/অটল
कडा / दृढ / गठिलो
දෘඪ / තද / ස්ථිර
ခိုင်မာ၍ တည်မြဲသော / တင်းကျပ်၍ ပြောင်းလဲခက်သော / ပုံစံတင်းကျပ်သော
хатуу, хөшүүн / бат бөх, бэх / чангa, барьцтай
qattiq, qotib turgan (fizik jihatdan) / mustahkam, pishiq (oson bukilmaydigan) / qat’iy, o‘zgarmas (ta’sirlarga berilmaydigan)
سخت، محکم / سفت، غیرقابلانعطاف / پایدار و تغییرناپذیر (رفتار/موضع)
صلب / قاسٍ / ثابت/راسخ
រឹង / តឹង / មាំ
rígido; que não cede à pressão / duro; firme / inflexível; que mantém a forma ou comportamento
硬;堅硬 / 挺直;僵硬 / 堅固;牢固
Word Forms
The basic and commonly used forms of this adjective.
Basic forms
| Form | Word form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Imperfective form (mizenkei) | Used in forms such as karou; mainly literary. | |
| Continuative form (renyokei) |
Alternative:
固かっ
|
Used in forms such as kute and kunai. |
| Conclusive form (shushikei) | Ends a sentence. | |
| Attributive form (rentaikei) | Modifies a noun. | |
| Conditional form (kateikei) | Expresses a condition with kereba. | |
| Imperative form (meireikei) | Rarely used in modern Japanese. |
Common forms
| Form | Word form | Usage |
|---|---|---|
| Te-form | Connects clauses with kute. | |
| Ta-form | Expresses the past with katta. | |
| Nai-form | Expresses negation with kunai. | |
| Ba-form | Expresses a condition with kereba. |
Notes
- 「硬い」「堅い」と表記される同語系のイ形容詞。
- 命令形「固かれ」は現代語では文語的・稀。
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