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Last Updated :2026/07/25

ある

Kanji
在る
Hepburn romanization
aru
Pitch accent
Verb

to exist (inanimate)

There is a book on the table.

Meaning Image
ある

Word Forms

The basic and commonly used forms of this verb.

Basic forms
Form Word form Usage
Imperfective form (mizenkei)
Alternative: あろ
Connects to endings such as nai, reru, and seru.
Continuative form (renyokei) Connects to endings such as masu, tai, and ta.
Conclusive form (shushikei) Ends a sentence and serves as the dictionary form.
Attributive form (rentaikei) Modifies a noun.
Conditional form (kateikei) Combines with ba to express a condition.
Imperative form (meireikei) Expresses a command or instruction.
Common forms
Form Word form Usage
Te-form Connects clauses with te.
Ta-form Expresses the past with ta.
Nai-form
Alternative: あらない
Expresses negation with nai.
Masu-form Used for polite speech.
Ba-form Expresses a condition with ba.
Volitional form Expresses intention or invitation.
Notes
  • 存在を表す「ある」は五段ラ行活用だが、現代標準語の否定は通常「ない」を用いる。
  • 「あらない」は通常の現代語ではまれ。

Japanese - Multilingual

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