Last Updated :2025/12/22

Verb
auxiliary
Japanese Meaning
存在・状態を表す「である」の口語的な断定の助動詞 / 当然・義務・強い勧告などを表す助動詞「べきだ」「はずだ」の一部として用いられる「だ」 / 形容詞の終止形「~いです」の「です」に対応するカジュアルな言い方としての「だ」
Easy Japanese Meaning
めいしやなけいようしといっしょにつかう。ていねいでないいいかたです。
Chinese (Simplified)
系词;表示判断、断定,相当于“是” / 表示应当、应该;义务(如“べきだ”“はずだ”) / 普通体断定形式,与“です”相对;不接在i形容词后
What is this buttons?

This is my pen.

Chinese (Simplified) Translation

这是我的笔。

What is this buttons?
Sense(1)

to be

Sense(2)

should; be obliged to; ought to

Sense(3)

です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.

Sense(4)

だろう / でしょう / なら can follow any inflectable word, forming suppletive volitional/polite volitional/conditional forms.

Sense(5)

(auxiliary) Not following any words, but used before some conjunctives or in some inflected forms, to represent the aforementioned statement.

romanization

table-tags

inflection-template

imperfective stem

imperfective stem

imperfective stem

imperfective stem

continuative stem

continuative stem

da'
continuative stem

continuative stem

stem terminative

stem terminative

attributive stem

attributive stem

attributive stem

attributive stem

hypothetical stem

hypothetical stem

hypothetical stem

hypothetical stem

-
imperative stem

-
passive

-
causative

-
potential

volitional

volitional

negative

colloquial contraction negative

negative

negative

colloquial contraction negative

negative

continuative negative

colloquial continuative contraction negative

continuative negative

colloquial continuative contraction negative

formal

formal

perfective

perfective

conjunctive

conjunctive

conditional hypothetical

conditional hypothetical

conditional hypothetical

conditional hypothetical

Quizzes for review

to be / should; be obliged to; ought to / です follows i-adjectives, as the standard polite terminal form for i-adjectives.

See correct answer

これは私のペンだ。

See correct answer

This is my pen.

See correct answer

これは私のペンだ。

Japanese - English

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